October 8th, 2010
Understanding LDL And HDL Cholesterol Terminology
We hear a lot of publicity about a number of different kinds of cholesterol: good, bad, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, lipids and more. If you’re not a doctor, it’s tough to keep it all straight.
The goal of this article is to enlighten you as to what low density lipopropteins or LDL cholesterol is – the type that’s often called “bad” cholesterol – and why it’s considered dangerous to heart health.
First, it will probably help to take a quick refresher on precisely what cholesterol is and the role it plays in your body.
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that travels through your body in your bloodstream. The body manufactures a certain amount of it, mostly in the liver. We get more from the our diets. Because cholesterol cannot travel through the bloodstream alone, it must attach itself to a protein. This combination is called a “lipoprotein.”
LDL is an abbreviation for “low density lipoprotein.” This is the so-called “bad” cholesterol many people talk about. One of our cardiologist acquaintances says it’s easy to remember if you think of LDL as “low down and lousy.” LDL tends to stick to the walls of your arteries, accumulating in the form of a substance known as plaque. This is the stuff that causes hardening of the arteries and leads to heart attacks or a stroke.
HDL stands for “high density lipoprotein.” HDL is good for several reasons: it does not create arterial plaque, but also because it attaches to LDL and transports it to the liver, which flushes it out of the body. The higher the level of HDL you have, the less LDL you are likely to have, and the lower your risk of heart disease will be.
LDL can be found in what are often called “bad fats,” particularly saturated fats and trans fats. These are abundant in meat from animals (especially red meat), oils like the kind used to cook french fries in fast food restaurants, prepackaged and processed foods, and baked goods like donuts and cake.
By avoiding trans fats and saturated fats, and eating healthy foods such as grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthier meats like poultry and fish, you can decrease your LDL and increase your HDL..
The simple abbreviations LDL and HDL can be confusing if you’re not used to medical terminology, and it may be difficult to remember which is good. Just try to remember that that LDL stands for low density, while HDL is high density, and in this case, low is bad and high is good. Or as our cardiologist acquaintance says, “Low has got to go…”
By keeping a healthy ratio between your HDL and your LDL, you lower your risk of cardiovascular “events” like heart attacks and stroke. Exercise is also important. Research has proven that getting your heart rate up with vigorous physical activity helps your HDL cholesterol clean the LDL out of your system.
When your physician tests your cholesterol levels, he or she may tell you your overall levels as well as HDL and LDL. Your overall level is less important than the individual levels. Ideally, your LDL level should be 100 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) or lower, and your HDL level should be 60 mg/dL or higher. The lower your ratio of LDL over HDL, the happier your doctor (and your heart) will be.
It’s important to check your cholesterol levels often. Recent studies have shown that high cholesterol is becoming a serious health problem in younger and younger individuals. Doctors now say even teenagers and 20-somethings should have cholesterol and blood pressure checked. This is because most kids these days eat a fatty, cholesterol-rich diet and don’t get much exercise. Therefore, hypertension (high blood pressure) and high cholesterol are becoming health threats for younger people much more so than they were in the past.
Related topics: high ldl levels and good cholesterol. Neal Kennedy is a retired radio and TV reporter who often writes on subjects related to maintaining cholesterol health.